![]() ![]() Cr supplementation has been associated with a higher growth rate and antioxidant capacity, while decreasing lipid peroxidation, cholesterol content and abdominal fat ( Dalólio et al. There is a positive relationship between diet supplementation with Cr and growth, the increase and improvement of immune and physiological functions when broilers are exposed to heat stress. ![]() ![]() Researches have demonstrated that Cr supplementation is a safe and convenient alternative to counteract caloric stress, as a nutritional alternative ( Jahanian and Rasouli 2015). 2017) and egg quality ( Abd El-Hack et al. 2018) and gene expression of ion carriers ( Bahadoran et al. In laying hens, heat stress can also affect productive performance ( Sahin et al. When broilers undergo heat stress, they maintain a temperature regulation through thermoregulatory mechanisms that have a negative impact on their performance and metabolism. On the other hand, it is known that heat stress is one of the environmental factors that affect poultry production, causing economic losses in the poultry industry around the world. There is also a slow growth, a reduction of productive life of the animal, as well as problems of infertility and local neurological disorders ( Kani 2015). 2018).Ĭr deficiencies causes severe metabolic and productive disorders in poultry, such as hyperglycemia, decrease of glucose tolerance (developing a metabolic profile similar to diabetes mellitus Type 1), increase of circulating insulin, cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood. Caloric stress increases circulating corticosterone concentrations in poultry, and it is well documented that it reduces insulin sensitivity in these animals ( Haq et al. Poultry, compared to mammals, are less sensitive to insulin ( Rama Rao et al. ![]() Glucose metabolism is very different in birds, compared to mammals, since their concentration values are higher in these species, and those of insulin, are lower ( Brooks et al. GTF, being partly constituted by Cr molecules, facilitates the entry of glucose at cellular level, by increasing insulin levels in the somatic cell, and allows a greater use of this carbohydrate, favoring protein synthesis, and consequently, a reduction in the production of adipose tissue ( Herran et al. In addition, it has a fundamental function in the formation and expression of genetic information, has inhibitory effects on lipogenic activity and improves the absorption of amino acids in muscle cells for protein synthesis. For example, it intervenes in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids, potentiates insulin action as an active component of glucose tolerance factor (GTF), and plays an anti-stress role, decreasing the concentration of cortisol in the blood. IMPORTANCE AND FUNCTIONS OF CHROMIUM IN POULTRYĬr, in its most stable oxidation state (Cr 3+), fulfills a series of essential functions for animals. Therefore, the objective of this study is to review the main advances that have been obtained in proultry supplementation with different types of organic Cr, and its advantages, compared to the use of inorganic sources of supplementation, in obtaining better productive performance and in the mitigation of heat stress and its expressions in organisms, mainly. The use of organic minerals, in which this metal compound is linked to a biomolecule or a microorganism, provides numerous advantages when administering these elements. In order to avoid these and other complications, organic supplementation of this element in the poultry industry has increased in recent years. Their disadvantages are their low absorption (0.4-2%) and that they have at least 10 times lower bioavailability compared to organic forms of supplementation ( Kani 2015). CrCl 3 and Cr 2O 3 are among the most important inorganic forms of Cr supplementation. Sometimes this microelement is supplied in the diet of animals from inorganic salts, causing interactions or digestive disorders and metabolic disorders. It is one of the basic minerals for poultry, as it is required to increase production, due to its importance in digestion, growth and the decrease of lipid and protein peroxidation ( Farag et al. Among the most used minerals in poultry production in recent years, chromium (Cr) stands out, being demonstrated in numerous studies ( Kani 2015, Zheng et al. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |